Cookies policy. You will see this message only once.
We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you continue without changing your settings, we’ll assume that
you’re happy to receive all cookies on this site. However, if you would like to, you can change your cookie settings at any time. Find out more.
Current


Archive for 2009
Pharmacokinetics of nevirapine in HIV-infected children with and without malnutrition receiving divided adult fixed-dose combination tablets.
Pollock L, Else L, Poerksen G, Molyneux E, Moons P, Walker S, Fraser W, Back D, Khoo S. J Antimicrob Chemother, 2009, 64(6): 1251-1259.
Cerebrospinal fluid maraviroc concentrations in HIV-1 infected patients.
Yilmaz A, Watson V, Else L, Gisslèn M. AIDS, 2009, 23(18): 2537-2540.
Intracellular accumulation of efavirenz and nevirapine is independent of P-glycoprotein activity in cultured CD4 T cells and primary human lymphocytes.
Janneh O, Chandler B, Hartkoorn R, Kwan WS, Jenkinson C, Evans S, Back DJ, Owen A, Khoo SH. J Antimicrob Chemother, 2009, 64(5): 1002-1007.
Pharmacokinetics and safety of etravirine administered once or twice daily after 2 weeks treatment with efavirenz in healthy volunteers.
Boffito M, Jackson A, Lamorde M, Back D, Watson V, Taylor J, Waters L, Asboe D, Gazzard B, Pozniak A. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 2009, 52(2): 222-227.
Intracellular 'boosting' of darunavir using known transport inhibitors in primary PBMC
Kwan WS, Janneh O, Hartkoorn R, Chandler B, Khoo S, Back D, Owen A. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 2009, 68(3): 375-380.
Antiretroviral drug interactions: often unrecognized, frequently unavoidable, sometimes unmanageable
Seden K, Back D, Khoo S. J Antimicrob Chemother, 2009, 64(1): 5-8.
Population pharmacokinetics of ritonavir-boosted atazanavir in HIV-infected patients and healthy volunteers.
Dickinson L, Boffito M, Back D, Waters L, Else L, Davies G, Khoo S, Pozniak A, Aarons L. J Antimicrob Chemother, 2009, 63(6): 1233-1243.
Predictors of kidney tubular dysfunction in HIV-infected patients treated with tenofovir: a pharmacogenetic study.
Rodríguez-Nóvoa S, Labarga P, Soriano V, Egan D, Albalater M, Morello J, Cuenca L, González-Pardo G, Khoo S, Back D, Owen A. Clin Infect Dis, 2009, 48(11): e108-116.
Differences in the pharmacokinetics of protease inhibitors between healthy volunteers and HIV-infected persons.
Dickinson L, Khoo S, Back D. Curr Opin HIV AIDS, 2008, 3(3): 296-305.
Cytochrome P450 2B6 516G-->T is associated with plasma concentrations of nevirapine at both 200 mg twice daily and 400 mg once daily in an ethnically diverse population.
Mahungu T, Smith C, Turner F, Egan D, Youle M, Johnson M, Khoo S, Back DJ, Owen A. HIV Med, 2009, 10(5): 310-317.
The impact of cytokines on the expression of drug transporters, cytochrome P450 enzymes and chemokine receptors in human PBMC.
Liptrott NJ, Penny M, Bray PG, Sathish J, Khoo SH, Back DJ, Owen A. Br J Pharmacol, 2009,156(3): 497-508.
top of the page
Archive for 2008
Population pharmacokinetics of ritonavir-boosted saquinavir regimens in HIV-infected individuals.
Dickinson L, Boffito M, Back DJ, Khoo SH, Pozniak AL, Mugyenyi P, Merry C, Autar RS, Burger DM, Aarons LJ. J Antimicrob Chemother, 2008, 62(6): 1344-1355.
Detection of ABCC2, CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells using flow cytometry.
Liptrott NJ, Khoo SH, Back DJ, Owen A. J Immunol Methods, 2008, [Epub ahead of print]
Association of a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the pregnane X receptor (PXR 63396C-->T) with reduced concentrations of unboosted atazanavir.
Siccardi M, D'Avolio A, Baietto L, Gibbons S, Sciandra M, Colucci D, Bonora S, Khoo S, Back DJ, Perri GD, Owen A. Clin Infect Dis, 2008, 47(9): 1222-1225.
Factors influencing efavirenz and nevirapine plasma concentration: effect of ethnicity, weight and co-medication.
Stöhr W, Back D, Dunn D, Sabin C, Winston A, Gilson R, Pillay D, Hill T, Ainsworth J, Pozniak A, Leen C, Bansi L, Fisher M, Orkin C, Anderson J, Johnson M, Easterbrook P, Gibbons S, Khoo S; Liverpool TDM Database; UK CHIC Study. Antivir Ther, 2008, 13(5): 675-685.
Effect of atazanavir and ritonavir on the differentiation and adipokine secretion of human subcutaneous and omental preadipocytes.
Jones SP, Waitt C, Sutton R, Back DJ, Pirmohamed M. AIDS, 2008, 22(11): 1293-1298.
Pharmacokinetic analysis to assess forgiveness of boosted saquinavir.
Dickinson L, Boffito M, Khoo SH, Schutz M, Aarons LJ, Pozniak AL, Back DJ. J Antimicrob Chemother, 2008, 62: 161-167.
Pharmacokinetics and safety of saquinavir/ritonavir and omeprazole in HIV-infected subjects.
Singh K, Dickinson L, Chaikan A, Back D, Fletcher C, Pozniak A, Moyle G, Nelson M, Gazzard B, Herath D, Boffito M. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 2008, 83(6): 867-872.
Impact of CYP2B6 983T>C polymorphism on non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor plasma concentrations in HIV-infected patients.
Wyen C, Hendra H, Vogel M, Hoffmann C, Knechten H, Brockmeyer NH, Bogner JR, Rockstroh J, Esser S, Jaeger H, Harrer T, Mauss S, van Lunzen J, Skoetz N, Jetter A, Groneuer C, Fätkenheuer G, Khoo SH, Egan D, Back DJ, Owen A; German Competence Network for HI J Antimicrob Chemother, 2008, 61(4): 914-8.
Response to 'Communicating information about drug interactions'.
Back DJ, Gibbons SE. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 2008, 65(4): 617-8.
(Letter in response to article by Aronson JK, Br J Clin Pharmacol, 2007, 63: 637-639. No abstract available.)
Comparison of the induction profile for drug disposition proteins by typical nuclear receptor activators in human hepatic and intestinal cells.
Martin P, Riley R, Back DJ, Owen A. Br J Pharmacol, 2008, 153(4): 805-19.
Darunavir: pharmacokinetics and drug interactions.
Back D, Sekar V, Hoetelmans RM. Antivir Ther, 2008, 13(1): 1-13.
top of the page
Archive for 2007
Inhibition of P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated proteins modulates the intracellular concentration of lopinavir in cultured CD4 T cells and primary human lymphocytes.
Janneh O, Jones E, Chandler B, Owen A, Khoo SH. J Antimicrob Chemother, 2007, 60(5): 987-993.
Detection and quantification of minority HIV isolates harbouring the D30N mutation by real-time PCR amplification.
Detsika MG, Chandler B, Khoo SH, Winstanley C, Cane P, Back DJ, Owen A. J Antimicrob Chemother, 2007, 60(4): 881-884.
Abacavir plasma pharmacokinetics in the absence and presence of atazanavir/ritonavir or lopinavir/ritonavir and vice versa in HIV-infected patients.
Waters LJ, Moyle G, Bonora S, D'Avolio A, Else L, Mandalia S, Pozniak A, Nelson M, Gazzard B, Back D, Boffito M. Antivir Ther, 2007, 12(5): 825-830.
Effect of transporter modulation on the emergence of nelfinavir resistance in vitro.
Chandler B, Detsika M, Owen A, Evans S, Hartkoorn RC, Cane PA, Back DJ, Khoo SH. Antivir Ther, 2007, 12(5): 831-834.
A rapid and sensitive HPLC–MS method for the detection of plasma and cellular rifampicin.
Hartkoorn RC, Khoo S, Back DJ, Tjia JF, Waitt CJ, Chaponda M, Davies G, Ardrey A, Ashleigh S, Ward SA. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci, 2007, 857(1): 76-82.
Factors impacting the expression of membrane-bound proteins in lymphocytes from HIV-positive subjects.
Chandler B, Detsika M, Khoo SH, Williams J, Back DJ, Owen A. J Antimicrob Chemother, 2007, 60(3): 685-689.
Stopping antiretroviral therapy.
Taylor S, Boffito M, Khoo S, Smit E, Back D. AIDS, 2007, 21(13): 1673-1682.
Limited-sampling strategy for the prediction of boosted hard-gel saquinavir exposure at a dosage of 1000/100 mg twice daily in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected individuals.
Dickinson L, Back D, Pozniak A, Khoo S, Boffito M. Ther Drug Monit, 2007,29(3): 361-367.
Response to ‘Nifedipine–lopinavir/ritonavir severe interaction: a case report’
Back DJ, Gibbons SE. AIDS, 2007, 21: 1226-1227.
(Letter in response to report by Baeza MT, et al., AIDS, 2007; 21:119–120. No abstract available.)
Differential drug susceptibility of intracellular and extracellular tuberculosis, and the impact of P-glycoprotein.
Hartkoorn RC, Chandler B, Owen A, Ward SA, Bertel Squire S, Back DJ, Khoo SH. Tuberculosis (Edinb), 2007, 87(3): 248-255.
top of the page
Archive for 2006
Influence of atazanavir 200 mg on the intracellular and plasma pharmacokinetics of saquinavir and ritonavir 1600/100 mg administered once daily in HIV-infected patients.
Ford J, Boffito M, Maitland D, Hill A, Back D, Khoo S, Nelson M, Moyle G, Gazzard B, Pozniak A. J Antimicrob Chemother, 2006, 58(5): 1009-1016.
Pharmacogenetics of HIV therapy.
Owen A, Pirmohamed M, Khoo SH, Back DJ. Pharmacogenet Genomics, 2006, 16(10): 693-703.
Pharmacokinetics of saquinavir hard-gel/ritonavir and atazanavir when combined once daily in HIV Type 1-infected individuals administered different atazanavir doses.
Boffito M, Maitland D, Dickinson L, Back D, Hill A, Fletcher C, Moyle G, Nelson M, Gazzard B, Pozniak A. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 2006, 22(8): 749-756.
Drug-drug interactions that matter.
Back DJ. Top HIV Med, 2006, 14(2): 88-92.
Will ART rollout in Africa drive an epidemic of drug resistant HIV?
Hastings IM, Lalloo D, Khoo SH. AIDS, 2006, 20(9):1354-6; author reply 1356-7.
(Letter in response to article by Blower S et al., AIDS, 2005, 19: 1–14.
No abstract available.)
Optimal sampling strategies for early pharmacodynamic measures in tuberculosis.
Davies GR, Khoo SH, Aarons LJ. J Antimicrob Chemother, 2006, 58(3): 594-600.
Use of nonlinear mixed-effects analysis for improved precision of early pharmacodynamic measures in tuberculosis treatment.
Davies GR, Brindle R, Khoo SH, Aarons LJ. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2006, 50(9): 3154-3156.
An update on therapeutic drug monitoring for antiretroviral drugs.
Back D, Gibbons S, Khoo S. Ther Drug Monit, 2006, 28(3): 468-473.
Effect of omeprazole on the pharmacokinetics of saquinavir-500 mg formulation with ritonavir in healthy male and female volunteers.
Winston A, Back D, Fletcher C, Robinson L, Unsworth J, Tolowinska I, Schutz M, Pozniak AL, Gazzard B, Boffito M. AIDS, 2006, 20(10):1401-1406.
Pharmacokinetics of reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
Hoggard P, Kewn S, Khoo S, Back D. In: Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors in HIV/AIDS Therapy. Eds. Odgen R & Skowron G, Human Press, Totowa, NJ, 2006.
Pharmacologic optimization of protease inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (POPIN)--a randomized controlled trial of therapeutic drug monitoring and adherence support.
Khoo SH, Lloyd J, Dalton M, Bonington A, Hart E, Gibbons S, Flegg P, Sweeney J, Wilkins EG, Back DJ. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 2006, 41(4): 461-467.
Population pharmacokinetics of efavirenz in an unselected cohort of HIV-1-infected individuals.
Back DJ, Owen A, Khoo SH. Clin Pharmacokinet, 2006, 45: 213-214.
(Letter in response to article by Kappelhoff BS et al., Clin Pharmacokinet, 2005; 44: 849-861.
No abstract available.)
Down-regulation of MRP1 expression in early RA patients exposed to methotrexate as a first DMARD.
Hider SL, Owen A, Hartkoorn R, Khoo S, Back DJ, Silman A, Bruce IN. Ann Rheum Dis, 2006 (Epub ahead of print)
top of the page
Archive for 2005
Simultaneous determination of HIV protease inhibitors amprenavir, atazanavir, indinavir, lopinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir and saquinavir in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Dickinson L, Robinson L, Tjia J, Khoo S, Back D. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci, 2005, 829: 82-90.
Assessment of adipokine expression and mitochondrial toxicity in HIV patients with lipoatrophy on stavudine- and zidovudine-containing regimens.
Jones SP, Qazi N, Morelese J, Lebrecht D, Sutinen J, Yki-Jarvinen H, Back DJ, Pirmohamed M, Gazzard BG, Walker UA, Moyle GJ. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 2005, 40: 565-572.
Modulation of the intracellular accumulation of saquinavir in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by inhibitors of MRP1, MRP2, P-gp and BCRP.
Janneh O, Owen A, Chandler B, Hartkoorn RC, Hart CA, Bray PG, Ward SA, Back DJ, Khoo SH. AIDS, 2005, 19: 2097-2102.
Host determinants of antiretroviral drug activity.
Boffito M, Winston A, Owen A. Curr Opin Infect Dis, 2005, 18: 543-549.
Intracellular and plasma pharmacokinetics of efavirenz in HIV-infected individuals.
Almond LM, Hoggard PG, Edirisinghe D, Khoo SH, Back DJ. J Antimicrob Chemother, 2005, 56: 738-744.
In-vitro synergy and enhanced murine brain penetration of SQV co-administered with mefloquine.
Owen A, Janneh O, Hartkoorn R, Chandler B, Bray P, Martin P, Ward SA, Hart CA, Khoo SH, Back DJ. Pharmacol Exp Ther, 2005, 314:1202-1209.
The pharmacology of antiretroviral nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors: implications for once-daily dosing.
Back DJ, Burger DM, Flexner CW, Gerber JG. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 2005, 39(Suppl 1): S1-S23.
Intracellular and plasma pharmacokinetics of nevirapine in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals.
Almond LM, Edirisinghe D, Dalton M, Bonington A, Back DJ, Khoo SH. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 2005, 78:132-142.
The potential for interactions between antimalarial and antiretroviral drugs.
Khoo S, Back D, Winstanley P. AIDS, 2005, 19:995-1005.
Therapeutic drug monitoring and drug-drug interactions involving antiretroviral drugs.
Boffito M, Acosta E, Burger D, Fletcher CV, Flexner C, Garaffo R, Gatti G, Kurowski M, Perno CF, Peytavin G, Regazzi M, Back D. Antivir Ther, 2005, 10:469-477.
The implications of P-glycoprotein in HIV: friend or foe?
Owen A, Chandler B, Back DJ. Fundam Clin Pharmacol, 2005, 19: 283-296.
Current status and future prospects of therapeutic drug monitoring and applied clinical pharmacology in antiretroviral therapy.
Boffito M, Acosta E, Burger D, Fletcher CV, Flexner C, Garaffo R, Gatti G, Kurowski M, Perno CF, Peytavin G, Regazzi M, Back D. Antivir Ther, 2005, 10: 375-392.
Boosted saquinavir hard gel formulation exposure in HIV-infected subjects: ritonavir 100 mg once daily versus twice daily.
Boffito M, Maitland D, Dickinson L, Back D, Hill A, Fletcher C, Moyle G, Nelson M, Gazzard B, Pozniak A. J Antimicrob Chemother, 2005, 55: 542-545.
Relationship between the C3435T and G2677T(A) polymorphisms in the ABCB1 gene and P-glycoprotein expression in human liver.
Owen A, Goldring C, Morgan P, Chadwick D, Park BK, Pirmohamed M. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 2005, 59: 365-370.
Altered adipokine response in murine 3T3-F442A adipocytes treated with protease inhibitors and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
Jones SP, Janneh O, Back DJ, Pirmohamed M. Antivir Ther, 2005, 10: 207-213.
Plasma pharmacokinetics of once- versus twice-daily lamivudine and abacavir: simplification of combination treatment in HIV-1-infected children (PENTA-13).
Bergshoeff A, Burger D, Verweij C, Farrelly L, Flynn J, Le Prevost M, Walker S, Novelli V, Lyall H, Khoo S, Gibb D; PENTA-13 Study Group. Antivir Ther, 2005, 10(2): 239-246.
Pharmacokinetics of saquinavir hard gel/ritonavir (1000/100 mg twice daily) when administered with tenofovir diproxil fumarate in HIV-1-infected subjects.
Boffito M, Back D, Stainsby-Tron M, Hill A, Di Perri G, Moyle G, Nelson M, Tomkins J, Gazzard B, Pozniak A. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 2005, 59: 38-42.
top of the page
Archive for 2004
Lipodystrophy in patients with HIV-1 infection: effect of stopping protease inhibitors on TNF-alpha and TNF-receptor levels, and on metabolic parameters.
Maher B, Lloyd J, Wilkins EG, Fraser WD, Back D, Park BK, Pirmohamed M. Antivir Ther, 2004, 9: 879-887.
The intracellular pharmacology of antiretroviral protease inhibitors.
Ford J, Khoo SH, Back DJ. J Antimicrob Chemother, 2004, 54: 982-990.
Functional correlation of P-glycoprotein expression and genotype with expression of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 coreceptor CXCR4.
Owen A, Chandler B, Bray PG, Ward SA, Hart CA, Back DJ, Khoo SH. J Virol, 2004, 78: 12022-12029.
Steady-state pharmacokinetics of saquinavir hard-gel/ritonavir/fosamprenavir in HIV-1-infected patients.
Boffito M, Dickinson L, Hill A, Back D, Moyle G, Nelson M, Higgs C, Fletcher C, Gazzard B, Pozniak A. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 2004, 37: 1376-1384.
Expression of pregnane-X-receptor transcript in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and correlation with MDR1 mRNA.
Owen A, Chandler B, Back DJ, Khoo SH. Antivir Ther, 2004, 9: 819-821.
Effect of mycophenolate mofetil on the pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drugs and on intracellular nucleoside triphosphate pools.
Sankatsing SU, Hoggard PG, Huitema AD, Sparidans RW, Kewn S, Crommentuyn KM, Lange JM, Beijnen JH, Back DJ, Prins JM. Clin Pharmacokinet, 2004, 43: 823-32.
Lopinavir/ritonavir combined with twice-daily 400 mg indinavir: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in blood, CSF and semen.
Isaac A, Taylor S, Cane P, Smit E, Gibbons SE, White DJ, Drake SM, Khoo S, Back DJ. J Antimicrob Chemother, 2004, 54: 498-502.
The relationship between nevirapine plasma concentrations and abnormal liver function tests.
Almond LM, Boffito M, Hoggard PG, Bonora S, Raiteri R, Reynolds HE, Garazzino S, Sinicco A, Khoo SH, Back DJ, di Perri G. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 2004, 20: 716-722.
Intracellular and plasma pharmacokinetics of saquinavir-ritonavir, administered at 1,600/100 milligrams once daily in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.
Ford J, Boffito M, Wildfire A, Hill A, Back D, Khoo S, Nelson M, Moyle G, Gazzard B, Pozniak A. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2004, 48: 2388-93.
Pharmacology update: drug-drug interactions and ethnic and sex differences.
Back DJ, Dickinson L, Canta F, Khoo S. In: HIV/AIDS Annual Update 2004. Pub: Clinical Care Options for HIV
Pharmacokinetics of once-daily saquinavir/ritonavir in HIV-infected subjects: comparison with the standard twice-daily regimen.
Boffito M, Dickinson L, Hill A, Back D, Moyle G, Nelson M, Higgs C, Fletcher C, Mandalia S, Gazzard B, Pozniak A. Antivir Ther, 2004, 9: 423-9.
Clinical implications of stopping nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy: relative pharmacokinetics and avoidance of drug resistance.
Mackie NE, Fidler S, Tamm N, Clarke JR, Back D, Weber JN, Taylor GP. HIV Med. 2004, 5:180-4.
Dose escalation or immediate full dose when switching from efavirenz to nevirapine-based highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected individuals?
Winston A, Pozniak A, Smith N, Fletcher C, Mandalia S, Parmar D, Gibbons S, Back D, Gazzard B, Nelson M. AIDS, 2004, 18:572-574.
Detection of BK virus and JC virus DNA in urine samples from immunocompromised (HIV-infected) and immunocompetent (HIV-non-infected) patients using polymerase chain reaction and microplate hybridisation.
Behzad-Behbahani A, Klapper PE, Vallely PJ, Cleator GM, Khoo SH. J Clin Virol, 2004, 29(4):224-229.
Intracellular and plasma pharmacokinetics of nelfinavir and M8 in HIV-infected patients: relationship with P-glycoprotein expression.
Ford J, Cornforth D, Hoggard PG, Cuthbertson Z, Meaden ER, Williams I, Johnson M, Daniels E, Hsyu P, Back DJ, Khoo SH. Antiviral Ther, 2004, 9: 77-84.
Lopinavir protein binding in vivo through the 12-hour dosing interval.
Boffito M, Hoggard PG, Lindup WE, Bonora S, Sinicco A, Khoo SH, Di Perri G, Back DJ. Ther Drug Monit, 2004, 26: 35-39.
top of the page
Archive for 2003
Expression of P-glycoprotein, multidrug-resistance proteins 1 and 2 in CEM, CEMVBL, CEME1000, MDCKIIMRP1 and MDCKIIMRP2 cell lines.
Owen A, Hartkoorn RC, Khoo S, Back D. AIDS, 2003, 17: 2276-2278
Pharmacokinetic drug interactions with nevirapine.
Back D, Gibbons S, Khoo S. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 2003, 34 (Suppl 1): S8-14.
The effects of protease inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors on p-glycoprotein expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro.
Chandler B, Almond L, Ford J, Owen A, Hoggard P, Khoo S & Back D. J AIDS, 2003, 33:551-556
Intracellular disposition and metabolic effects of zidovudine, stavudine and four protease inhibitors in cultured adipocytes.
Janneh O, Hoggard PG, Tjia JF, Jones SP, Khoo SH, Maher B, Back DJ, Pirmohamed M. Antivir Ther, 2003, 8: 417-426
Treating advanced HIV infection.
Boffito M, Bonora S, Sinicco A, Raiteri R, Milia MG, Khoo SH, Hoggard PG, Back DJ, Di Perri G. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 2003, 34: 344-345
Ketoconazole and lopinavir/ritonavir coadministration: boosting beyond boosting.
Boffito M, Bonora S, Sales P, Dal Conte I, Sinicco A, Hoggard PG, Khoo S, Back DJ, Di Perri G. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 2003, 19:941-942
Protein binding in antiretroviral therapies.
Boffito M, Back DJ, Blaschke TF, Rowland M, Bertz RJ, Gerber JG, Miller V. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 2003, 19:825-835.
The role of clinical pharmacology in optimizing antiretroviral therapy.
Back DJ, Khoo SH Br J Clin Pharmacol, 2003, 55: 473-476
Differential expression of human immunodeficiency virus coreceptors, by CEM, CEMVBL, and CEME1000 cells.
Owen A, Chandler B, Ford J, Khoo S, Back D. J Infect Dis, 2003, 187: 874-5
A simplified approach to determining P-glycoprotein expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cell subsets.
Ford J, Hoggard PG, Owen A, Khoo SH, Back DJ. J Immunol Methods, 2003, 274:1 29-37.
Enzymatic assay for measurement of intracellular DXG triphosphate concentrations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients.
Kewn S, Wang LH, Hoggard PG, Rousseau F, Hart R, MacNeela JP, Khoo SH, Back DJ. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2003, 47: 255-61.
Lopinavir/ritonavir absorption in a gastrectomized patient.
Boffito M, Lucchini A, Maiello A, Dal Conte I, Hoggard PG, Back DJ, Di Perri G. AIDS, 2003, 17: 136-7.
The mechanisms that control intracellular penetration of the HIV protease inhibitors.
Hoggard PG, Owen A. J Antimicrob Chemother, 2003, 51: 493-496.
Intra-individual variability in lopinavir plasma trough concentrations supports therapeutic drug monitoring.
Boffito M, Back DJ, Hoggard PG, Caci A, Bonora S, Raiteri R, Sinicco A, Reynolds HE, Khoo S, Di Perri G. AIDS, 2003, 17: 1107-8.
Effect of protease inhibitor-containing regimens on lymphocyte multidrug resistance transporter expression.
Ford J, Meaden ER, Hoggard PG, Dalton M, Newton P, Williams I, Khoo SH, Back DJ. J Antimicrob Chem, 2003, 52: 354-358.
top of the page
Archive for 2002
Therapuetic drug montoring
Back D, Khoo S, Gibbons S. J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care, 2002, 1: 84-85.
Development of enzymatic assays for quantification of intracellular lamivudine and carbovir triphosphate levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.
Kewn S, Hoggard PG, Sales SD, Jones K, Maher B, Khoo SH, Back DJ. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2002, 46: 135-43
Response to antiretroviral treatment in HIV-1-infected individuals with allelic variants of the multidrug resistance transporter 1: a pharmacogenetics study.
Fellay J, Marzolini C, Meaden ER, Back DJ, Buclin T, Chave JP, Decosterd LA, Furrer H, Opravil M, Pantaleo G, Retelska D, Ruiz L, Schinkel AH, Vernazza P, Eap CB, Telenti A. Lancet, 2002, 359: 30-6
CYP3A4-mediated hepatic metabolism of the HIV-1 protease inhibitor saquinavir in vitro.
Eagling VA, Wiltshire H, Whitcombe IW, Back DJ. Xenobiotica, 2002, 32: 1-17
Intracellular pharmacology of nucleoside analogues and protease inhibitors: role of transporter molecules.
Hoggard PG, Back DJ. Curr Opin Infect Dis, 2002, 15:3-8
Undefined duration of opiate withdrawal induced by efavirenz in drug users with HIV infection and undergoing chronic methadone treatment
Boffito M, Rossati A, Reynolds HE, Hoggard PG, Back DJ, Di Perri G. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 2002, 18: 341-2
Therapeutic drug monitoring in HIV infection: current status and future directions.
Back D, Gatti G, Fletcher C, Garaffo R, Haubrich R, Hoetelmans R, Kurowski M, Luber A, Merry C, Perno CF. AIDS, 2002, 16 (Suppl 1): S5-37
Absence of opioid withdrawal symptoms in patients receiving methadone and the protease inhibitor lopinavir-ritonavir.
Clarke S, Mulcahy F, Bergin C, Reynolds H, Boyle N, Barry M, Back DJ. Clin Infect Dis, 2002, 34: 1143-5
Determination of P-gp and MRP1 expression and function in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vivo.
Meaden ER, Hoggard PG, Khoo SH, Back DJ. J Immunol Methods, 2002, 262: 159-65
Intracellular carbovir triphosphate levels in patients taking abacavir once a day.
Harris M, Back D, Kewn S, Jutha S, Marina R, Montaner JS. AIDS, 2002, 16: 1196-7
alpha1-Acid glycoprotein levels in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects on antiretroviral regimens.
Boffito M, Sciole K, Raiteri R, Bonora S, Hoggard PG, Back DJ, Di Perri G. Drug Metab Dispos, 2002, 30: 859-60
Pharmacokinetic evaluation of indinavir and indinavir/ritonavir-containing antiretroviral regimens in a clinical setting.
Boffito M, Bonora S, Raiteri R, Reynolds HE, Hoggard PG, Sinicco A, Back DJ, Di Perri G. Ther Drug Monit, 2002, 24: 574-6
The unbound percentage of saquinavir and indinavir remains constant throughout the dosing interval in HIV positive subjects.
Boffito M, Hoggard PG, Reynolds HE, Bonora S, Meaden ER, Sinicco A, Di Perri G, Back DJ Br J Clin Pharmacol, 2002, 54: 262-268
Intracellular accumulation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus protease inhibitors
Khoo SH, Hoggard PG, Williams I, Meaden ER, Newton P, Wilkins EG, Smith A, Tjia JF, Lloyd J, Jones K, Beeching N, Carey P, Peters B, Back DJ Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2002, 46: 3228-3235
The addition of mycophenolate mofetil to antiretroviral therapy including abacavir is associated with depletion of intracellular deoxyguanosine triphosphate and a decrease in plasma HIV-1 RNA
Margolis DM, Kewn S, Coull JJ, Ylisastigui L, Turner D, Wise H, Hossain MM, Lanier ER, Shaw LM, Back D. Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 2002; 31:45-49
Simultaneous determination of rifampicin and efavirenz in plasma.
Boffito M, Tija J, Reynolds HE, Hoggard PG, Bonora S, Di Perri G, Back DJ. Ther Drug Monit, 2002, 24:670-674
P-glycoprotein and MRP1 expression and reduced ritonavir and saquinavir accumulation in HIV-infected individuals.
Meaden ER, Hoggard PG, Newton P, Tjia JF, Aldam D, Cornforth D, Lloyd J, Williams I, Back DJ, Khoo SH. J Antimicrob Chemother, 2002, 50: 583-588.
Clinical use of lopinavir/ritonavir in a salvage therapy setting: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
Boffito M, Arnaudo I, Raiteri R, Bonora S, Sinicco A, Di Garbo A, Reynolds HE, Hoggard PG, Back DJ, Perri GD. AIDS, 2002, 16: 2081-3
Time-dependent changes in HIV nucleoside analogue phosphorylation and the effect of hydroxyurea.
Hoggard PG, Kewn S, Maherbe A, Wood R, Almond LM, Sales SD, Gould J, Lou Y, De Vries C, Back DJ, Khoo SH AIDS, 2002, 16: 2439-46.
Pharmacokinetics of saquinavir co-administered with cimetidine.
Boffito M, Carriero P, Trentini L, Raiteri R, Bonora S, Sinicco A, Reynolds HE, Hoggard PG, Back DJ, Di Perri G. J Antimicrob Chemother, 2002, 50: 1081-4.
Lopinavir measurement in pleural effusion in a human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patient with kaposi's sarcoma.
Boffito M, Hoggard PG, Back DJ, Bonora S, Maiello A, Lucchini A, Di Perri G. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2002, 46: 3684-5.
top of the page
Archive for 2001
Novel IFN-alpha receptor promoter polymorphisms.
Muldoon J, Uriel A, Khoo S, Ollier WE, Hajeer AH. Genes Immun, 2001, 2(3): 159-160.
The role of therapeutic drug monitoring in treatment of HIV infection
Back DJ, Khoo SH, Gibbons SE, Merry C. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2001;51(4):301–8.
The pharmacokinetics of methadone in HIV-positive patients receiving the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor efavirenz
Clarke SM, Mulcahy FM, Tjia J, Reynolds HE, Gibbons SE, Barry MG & Back DJ. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2001;5(3):213–17.
Pharmacokinetic interactions of nevirapine and methadone and guidelines for use of nevirapine to treat injection drug users
Clarke SM, Mulcahy FM, Tjia J, Reynolds HE, Gibbons SE, Barry MG, Back DJ. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33(9):1595–7.
Influence of prior exposure to zidovudine on stavudine phosphorylation in vivo and ex vivo
Hoggard PG, Sales SD, Phiboonbanakit D, Lloyd J, Maher BA, Khoo SH, Wilkins E, Carey P, Hart CA, Back DJ. Antimicrob Agents Chem 2001;45(2):577–82
Zidovudine phosphorylation determined sequentially over 12 months in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with or without previous exposure to antiretroviral agents
Hoggard PG, Lloyd J, Khoo SH, Barry MG, Dann L, Gibbons SE, Wilkins EG, Loveday C, Back DJ. Antimicrob Agents Chem 2001;45(3):976–80.
Elevated alpha-1-acid glycoprotein reduces the volume of distribution and systemic clearance of saquinavir
Holladay JW, Dewey MJ, Michniak BB, Wiltshire H, Halberg DL, Weigl P, Liang Z, Halifax K, Lindup WE, Back DJ. Drug Metab Dispos 2001;29(3):299–303.
Effect of alpha1-acid glycoprotein on the intracellular accumulation of the HIV protease inhibitors saquinavir, ritonavir and indinavir in vitro
Jones K, Hoggard PG, Khoo S, Maher B, Back DJ. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2001;51(1):99–102.
Differences in the intracellular accumulation of HIV protease inhibitors in vitro and the effects of active transport
Jones K, Hoggard PG, Sales SD, Khoo S, Davey R, Back DJ. AIDS 2001;15(6):675–81.
P-glycoprotein and transporter MRP1 reduce HIV protease inhibitor uptake in CD4 cells: potential for accelerated viral drug resistance?
Jones K, Bray PG, Khoo SH, Davey RA, Meaden ER, Ward SA, Back DJ. AIDS 2001;15:1353–8.
Therapeutic drug monitoring as a tool in treating HIV infection
Khoo SH, Gibbons SE, Back DJ. AIDS 2001;15 Suppl 5:S171–81.
Expression of P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein in healthy volunteers and HIV-infected patients
Meaden ER, Hoggard PG, Maher B, Khoo SH, Back DJ. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2001;17(14):1329–32.
Principles and practice of HIV-protease inhibitor pharmacoenhancement
Moyle GJ, Back D. HIV Medicine 2001 (2):105–13.
Zidovudine phosphorylation and mitochondrial toxicity in vitro
Sales SD, Hoggard PG, Sunderland D, Khoo S, Hart CA, Back DJ. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2001;177(1):54–8.
Antiretroviral drug concentrations in semen of HIV-infected men: differential penetration of indinavir, ritonavir and saquinavir
Taylor S, Back DJ, Drake SM, Workman J, Reynolds H, Gibbons SE, White DJ, Pillay D J Antimicrob Chemother 2001;48(3):351–4.
Penetration of efavirenz into the male genital tract: drug concentrations and antiviral activity in semen and blood of HIV-1-infected men
Taylor S, Reynolds H, Sabin CA, Drake SM, White DJ, Back DJ, Pillay D. AIDS 2001;15(15):2051–3.
Pharmacological implications of lengthened in-utero exposure to nevirapine
Taylor GP, Lyall EGH, Back D, Ward C, Tudor-Williams G. Lancet 2000;355(9221):2134–5.
top of the page
Archive for 2000
Commentary (on ‘Pharmacokinetic interactions between sildenafil and saquinavir/ritonavir’, Muirhead GJ el al.. B J Clin Pharmacol 2000 50(2): 99–107)
Back DJ. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2000;50(2):85.
Therapeutic drug monitoring of antiretrovirals in human immunodeficiency virus infection
Back DJ , Khoo SH, Gibbons SE, Barry MG, Merry C. Ther Drug Monit 2000;22(1):122–6.
Current uses and future hopes for clinical pharmacology in the management of HIV infection
Back DJ, Khoo SH, Maher B, Gibbons SE. HIV Medicine 2000;1:1–6
Therapeutic drug monitoring of antiretrovirals: ready for the clinic?
Back DJ , Gibbons SE, Khoo SH. Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care 2000;34–7.
Infections in AIDS
Hart CA, Beeching NJ, Duerden BI, Curry A, French N, Kariuki S, Graham SM, Gordon MA, Hoggard PG, Kewn S, Back DJ. J Med Microbiol 2000;49(11):947–67.
Correlation between intracellular pharmacological activation of nucleoside analogues and HIV suppression in vitro
Hoggard PG, Sales SD, Kewn S, Sunderland D, Khoo SH, Hart CA. Antivir Chem Chemother 2000;11(6):353–8.
The intracellular activation of lamivudine (3TC) and determination of 2'-deoxycytidine-5'-triphosphate (dCTP) pools in the presence and absence of various drugs in HepG2 cells
Kewn S, Hoggard PG, Sales D, Johnson A, Back DJ. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2000;50(6):597–604
Pharmacokinetics of zidovudine phosphorylation in human immunodeficiency virus-positive Thai patients and healthy volunteers
Wattanagoon Y, Na Bangchang K, Hoggard PG, Khoo SH, Gibbons SE, Phiboonbanakit D, Karbwang, J, Back DJ. Antimicrob Agents Chem 2000;44(7)1986–99.
top of the page
Archive for 1999
Drug interactions in HIV infection
Back DJ, Barry MG, Gibbons SE. Clinical Issues in HIV/AIDS 1999;3:3–7.
Pharmacokinetics and potential interactions amongst antiretroviral agents used to treat patients with HIV infection
Barry M, Mulcahy F, Merry C, Gibbons S, Back D Clinical Pharmacokinet 1999;36(4):289–304.
Intracellular activation of 2',3'-dideoxyinosine and drug interactions in vitro
Kewn S, Hoggard PG, Henry Mowatt JR, Veal GJ, Sales SD, Barry MG, Back DJ. AIDS Res Hum Retrovin 1999;15(9):793–802
Therapeutic drug monitoring of HIV treatment
Khoo SH, Gibbons S, Back DJ. HIV & AIDS Current Trends 1999;5(3):4–6.
Interaction of sildenafil and indinavir when co-administered to HIV-positive patients
Merry C, Barry MG, Ryan M, Tjia JF, Hennessy M, Eagling VA, Mulcahy F, Back DJ. AIDS 1999;13(15):F101–7.
The pharmacokinetics of lamivudine phosphorylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients infected with HIV-1
Moore KH, Barrett JE, Shaw S, Pakes GE, Churchus R, Kapoor A, Lloyd J, Barry MG, Back D. AIDS 1999;13(16):2239–50.
Modulation of P-glycoprotein function in human lymphocytes and Caco-2 cell monolayers by HIV-1 protease inhibitors
Profit L, Eagling VA, Back DJ. AIDS 1999;13(13):1623–7.
top of the page
Archive for 1998
Variability in trough plasma saquinavir concentrations in HIV patients – a case for therapeutic drug monitoring
Barry MG, Merry C, Lloyd J, Halifax K, Carey P, Mulcahy F, Back DJ. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1998;45(5):501–2.
Antiretroviral therapy for patients with HIV disease
Barry M, Mulcahy F, Back DJ. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1998;45(3):221–8.
Differential selectivity of cytochrome P450 inhibitors against probe substrates in human and rat liver microsomes
Eagling VA, Tjia JF, Back DJ. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1998;45(2):107–14.
Effect of protease inhibitors on nucleoside analogue phosphorylation in vitro
Hoggard PG, Manion V, Barry MG, Back DJ. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1998;45(2):164–7.
The pharmacokinetics of combination therapy with nelfinavir plus nevirapine
Merry C, Barry MG, Mulcahy F, Ryan M, Tjia JF, Halifax KL, Breckenridge AM, Back DJ. AIDS 1998;12(10):1163–7.
Ritonavir pharmacokinetics alone and in combination with saquinavir in HIV-infected patients
Merry C, Barry MG, Mulcahy F, Tjia JF, Halifax KL, Heavey J, Kelly C, Back DJ. AIDS 1998;12(3):325–7.
Nelfinavir and nevirapine interaction?
Mulcahy F, Barry M, Merry C, Back D AIDS 1998;12(17):2361.
top of the page
Archive for 1997
Protease inhibitors in patients with HIV disease – Clinically important pharmacokinetic considerations
Barry M, Gibbons S, Back D, Mulcahy F Clin Pharmacokinet 1997;32(3):194–209.
Differential inhibition of cytochrome P450 isoforms by the protease inhibitors, ritonavir, saquinavir and indinavir
Eagling VA, Back DJ, Barry MG. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1997;44(2):190–4.
Effects of drugs on 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydrothymidine phosphorylation in vitro
Hoggard PG, Kewn S, Barry MG, Khoo SH, Back DJ. Antimicrob Agents Chem 1997;41(6):1231–6.
Lamivudine (3TC) phosphorylation and drug interactions in vitro
Kewn S, Veal GJ, Hoggard PG, Barry MG, Back DJ. Biochem Pharmacol 1997;54(5):589–95.
Saquinavir pharmacokinetics alone and in combination with nelfinavir in HIV-infected patients
Merry C, Barry MG, Mulcahy F, Halifax KL, Back DJ. AIDS 1997;11(15):.F117–20
Saquinavir pharmacokinetics alone and in combination with ritonavir in HIV-infected patients
Merry C, Barry MG, Mulcahy F, Ryan M, Heavey J, Tjia JF, Gibbons SE, Breckenridge AM, Back DJ. AIDS 1997;11(4):F29–33.
Saquinavir interaction with midazolam: Pharmacokinetic considerations when prescribing protease inhibitors for patients with HIV disease
Merry C, Mulcahy F, Barry M, Gibbons S, Back D. AIDS 1997;11(2):268–9.
In vitro screening of nucleoside analog combinations for potential use in anti-HIV therapy
Veal GJ, Barry MG, Khoo SH, Back DJ. AIDS Res Hum Retrovin 1997;13(6):481–4.
top of the page
Archive for 1996
The effect of zidovudine dose on the formation of intracellular phosphorylated metabolites
Barry MG, Khoo SH, Veal GJ, Hoggard PG, Gibbons SE, Wilkins EGL, Williams O, Breckenridge AM, Back DJ. AIDS 1996:10(12):1361–7.
Intracellular metabolism of zidovudine and stavudine in combination
Hoggard P, Khoo S, Barry M, Back D J Infect Dis 1996;174(3):671–2.
Improved tolerability of ritonavir derived from pharmacokinetic principles
Merry C, Barry M, Gibbons S, Mulcahy F, Back D. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1996;42(6):787.
Interaction between lamivudine (3TC) and other nucleoside analogues for intracellular phosphorylation
Veal GJ, Hoggard PG, Barry MG, Khoo S, Back DJ. AIDS 1996;10(5):546–8.
top of the page
Archive for 1995
Effect of azoles on the glucuronidation of zidovudine by human liver UDP-glucuronosyltransferase
Asgari M, Back DJ. J Infect Dis 1995;172(6):1634–5.
Zidovudine therapy in HIV-infection – which patients should be treated and when
Barry MG, Back DJ, Breckenridge AM. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1995;40(2):107–10.
Pharmacokinetics of zidovudine and dideoxyinosine alone and in combination in children with HIV-infection
Gibb D, Barry M, Ormesher S, Nokes L, Seefried M, Giaquinto C, Back D. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1995;39(5):527–30.
Drug interactions with zidovudine phosphorylation in-vitro
Hoggard PG, Veal GJ, Wild MJ, Barry MG, Back DJ. Antimicrob Agents Chem 1995;39(6):1376–8.
Metabolism of zidovudine
Veal GJ, Back DJ. Gen Pharmacol 1995;26(7):1469–75
Zalcitabine (ddC) phosphorylation and drug-interactions
Veal GJ, Barry MG, Back DJ Antimicrob Agents Chem 1995;6(6):379–84
top of the page
Archive for 1994
Pharmacokinetics of zidovudine in children with symptomatic HIV-infection
Barry M, Howe JL, Back DJ, Han I, Gibb D. Drug Investigation 1994;7(3):143–7.
Zidovudine pharmacokinetics in zidovudine-induced bone-marrow toxicity
Barry M, Howe JL, Back DJ, Swart AM, Breckenridge AM, Weller IVD, Beeching N, Nye F. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1994;37(1):7–12.
Pharmacokinetics of zidovudine and dideoxyinosine alone and in combination in patients with the acquired-immunodeficiency-syndrome
Barry M, Howe JL, Ormesher S, Back DJ, Breckenridge AM, Bergin C, Mulcahy F, Beeching N, Nye F. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1994;37(5):421–6.
Zidovudine phosphorylation in HIV-infected patients and seronegative volunteers
Barry M, Wild M, Veal G, Back D, Breckenridge A, Fox R, Beeching N, Nye F, Carey P, Timmins D. AIDS 1994;8(8):F1–5.
The metabolism of zidovudine by human liver-microsomes in-vitro formation of 3'-amino-3'-deoxythymidine
Eagling VA, Howe JL, Barry MJ, Back DJ Biochem Pharmacol 1994;48(2):267–76.
Effects of dideoxyinosine and dideoxycytidine on the intracellular phosphorylation of zidovudine in human mononuclear-cells
Veal GJ, Wild MJ, Barry MG, Back DJ. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1994;38(4):323–8.
top of the page
Archive for 1993
Metabolism of didanosine (ddI) by erythrocytes – pharmacokinetic implications
Barry M, Back D, Ormesher S, Beeching N, Nye F. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1993;36(1)87–8.
The effects of indomethacin and naproxen on zidovudine pharmacokinetics
Barry M, Howe J, Back D, Breckenridge A, Brettle R, Mitchell R, Beeching NJ, Nye FJ. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1993;36(1):82–5.
top of the page
Archive for 1992
Metabolism of 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI) in human blood
Back DJ, Ormesher S, Tjia JF, Macleod R. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1992;33(3):319–322.
Extrahepatic metabolism of zidovudine
Howe JL, Back DJ, Colbert J. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1992;33(2):190–2.
In vitro inhibition studies of the glucuronidation of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine catalyzed by human liver UDP-glucuronosyl transferase
Macleod R, Eagling VA, Sim SM, Back DJ. Biochem Pharmacol 1992;43(2):382–6.
top of the page
Archive for 1991
The effect of various drugs on the glucuronidation of zidovudine (azidothymidine, AZT) by human liver-microsomes
Sim SM, Back DJ, Breckenridge AM. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1991;32(1):17–21.
top of the page
Archive for 1990
Glucuronidation of zidovudine (azidothymidine) by human liver-microsomes
Sim SM, Back DJ. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1990;30(2):P321–2.
top of the page

Last Reviewed: 13 February 2013
Copyright © 1999-2013 The University of Liverpool. All rights reserved. Site developed and maintained by The University of Liverpool and eMedFusion