Coadministration has not been studied but a clinically significant interaction is not expected. Coadministration of omeprazole and raltegravir (400 mg twice daily) increased raltegravir AUC, Cmax and C12h by 37%, 51% and 24%. Population PK analysis showed that the effect of gastric pH altering agents on the pharmacokinetics of once daily raltegravir was minimal (~9% decrease in relative bioavailability), and was not statistically or clinically significant. Concomitant use of raltegravir with proton pump inhibitors and H2 blockers did not result in a unique safety signal in Phase 3 studies. No dose adjustment is required with twice daily or once daily raltegravir.

This interaction has not been studied. Based on the metabolism/elimination and toxicity profiles of both drugs, there is little potential for interaction. 30-40% of a nitrofurantoin dose is eliminated unchanged via the kidneys, with a small proportion metabolized to aminofurantoin.

Coadministration has not been studied but based on metabolism and clearance a clinically significant interaction is unlikely. Nitrofurantoin is partly metabolized in the liver via glucuronidation and N-acetylation and partly eliminated in the urine as unchanged drug (30-40%). As renal excretion is not the predominant mechanism of elimination, there is little potential for a significant interaction with emtricitabine or tenofovir alafenamide via competition for renal elimination pathways.

Coadministration has not been studied but based on metabolism and clearance, a clinically significant interaction is unlikely. Rivaroxaban undergoes primarily metabolic degradation.

Coadministration has not been studied but based on metabolism and clearance a clinically significant interaction is unlikely. Bisoprolol is partly metabolized by CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 and partly eliminated unchanged in the urine. Emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide are not expected to significantly interfere with bisoprolol elimination.

Coadministration has not been studied but based on metabolism and clearance a clinically significant interaction is unlikely as pantoprazole is mainly metabolized by CYP2C19 and to a lesser extent CYP3A4.